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Year 10 Interactive Maths - Second Edition


Highest Common Factor

The highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers (or expressions) is the largest number (or expression) which is a factor of both.

Consider the highest common factor of 24 and 40.

24 and 40 expressed as the product of prime factors.

The common factors of 24 and 40 are 2, 4, and 8. So, the highest common factor is 8.


Note:

The highest common factor is the product of the common prime factors.

HCF = 8

The highest common factor of algebraic expressions is useful in factorisation; and it is the product of the common prime factors, which includes both common numerical and algebraic factors.

Example 1

Find the highest common factor of three algebraic expressions.

Solution:

The three expressions expressed as the product of prime factors.

HCF = 2ac which is the product of common factors.


Example 2

Find the highest common factor of these expressions.

Solution:

The three expressions expressed as the product of prime factors.

HCF = 5abc which is the product of common factors.

The three expressions expressed as the product of prime factors.

HCF is the product of common factors.


Key Terms

highest common factor, HCF, highest common factor of algebraic expressions


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